L’impact réel du TMAO sur la santé

Par Juliette Pouyat - Journaliste scientifique Publié le 22/10/2019 Mis à jour le 22/10/2019 Edition Abonné
Enquête

Le TMAO, ou triméthylamine-N-oxyde, a été associé à un risque cardiovasculaire accru. Mais ce lien semble à nuancer lorsqu’on regarde l’ensemble des données existantes. Détails.

Le TMAO, pour triméthylamine-N-oxyde, est un composé qui se forme dans l’organisme après la consommation de certains aliments, comme la viande ou les œufs (1). La carnitine...

Références
  1.  Fennema D, Phillips IR, Shephard EA. Trimethylamine and Trimethylamine N-Oxide, a Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase 3 (FMO3)-Mediated Host-Microbiome Metabolic Axis Implicated in Health and Disease. Drug Metab Dispos. 2016 Nov;44(11):1839-1850. 
  2.  Koeth RA, Wang Z, Levison BS, Buffa JA, Org E, Sheehy BT, Britt EB, Fu X, Wu Y, Li L, Smith JD, DiDonato JA, Chen J, Li H, Wu GD, Lewis JD, Warrier M, Brown JM, Krauss RM, Tang WH, Bushman FD, Lusis AJ, Hazen SL. Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. Nat Med. 2013 May;19(5):576-85. doi: 10.1038/nm.3145.
  3.  Schiattarella GG, Sannino A,, Toscano E, Giugliano G, Gargiulo G, Franzone A, Trimarco B, Esposito G, Perrino C. Gut microbe-generated metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide as cardiovascular risk biomarker: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2017 Oct 14;38(39):2948-2956. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx342.
  4.  DiMarco DM, Missimer A, Murillo AG, Lemos BS, Malysheva OV, Caudill MA, Blesso CN, Fernandez ML. Intake of up to 3 Eggs/Day Increases HDL Cholesterol and Plasma Choline While Plasma Trimethylamine-N-oxide is Unchanged in a Healthy Population. Lipids. 2017 Mar;52(3):255-263. doi: 10.1007/s11745-017-4230-9.
  5.  Missimer A, Fernandez ML, DiMarco DM, Norris GH, Blesso CN, Murillo AG, Vergara-Jimenez M, Lemos BS, Medina-Vera I, Malysheva OV, Caudill MA. Compared to an Oatmeal Breakfast, Two Eggs/Day Increased Plasma Carotenoids and Choline without Increasing Trimethyl Amine N-Oxide Concentrations. J Am Coll Nutr. 2018 Feb;37(2):140-148. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1365026.

  6. Samulak JJ, Sawicka AK, Hartmane D, Grinberga S, Pugovics O, Lysiak-Szydlowska W, Olek RA. L-Carnitine Supplementation Increases Trimethylamine-N-Oxide but not Markers of Atherosclerosis in Healthy Aged Women. Ann Nutr Metab. 2019;74(1):11-17. doi: 10.1159/000495037.

  7. Landfald B, Valeur J, Berstad A, Raa J. Microbial trimethylamine-N-oxide as a disease marker: something fishy? Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2017 May 19;28(1):1327309.
  8. Cho CE, Taesuwan S, Malysheva OV, Bender E, Tulchinsky NF, Yan J, Sutter JL, Caudill MA. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) response to animal source foods varies among healthy young men and is influenced by their gut microbiota composition: A randomized controlled trial. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017 Jan;61(1). doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201600324
  9. Wang Z, Levison BS, Hazen JE, Donahue L, Li XM, Hazen SL. Measurement of trimethylamine-N-oxide by stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem. 2014 Jun 15;455:35-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.03.016. 
  10.  Koeth RA, Wang Z, Levison BS, Buffa JA, Org E, Sheehy BT, Britt EB, Fu X, Wu Y, Li L, Smith JD, DiDonato JA, Chen J, Li H, Wu GD, Lewis JD, Warrier M, Brown JM, Krauss RM, Tang WH, Bushman FD, Lusis AJ, Hazen SL. Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. Nat Med. 2013 May;19(5):576-85. doi: 10.1038/nm.3145. 
  11.  Koeth RA, Wang Z, Levison BS, Buffa JA, Org E, Sheehy BT, Britt EB, Fu X, Wu Y, Li L, Smith JD, DiDonato JA, Chen J, Li H, Wu GD, Lewis JD, Warrier M, Brown JM, Krauss RM, Tang WH, Bushman FD, Lusis AJ, Hazen SL. Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. Nat Med. 2013 May;19(5):576-85. doi: 10.1038/nm.3145. 
  12.  Svingen GFT, Zuo H, Ueland PM, Seifert R, Løland KH, Pedersen ER, Schuster PM, Karlsson T, Tell GS, Schartum-Hansen H, Olset H, Svenningsson M, Strand E, Nilsen DW, Nordrehaug JE, Dhar I, Nygård O.Increased plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide is associated with incident atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol. 2018 Sep 15;267:100-106. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.04.128.
  13.  Liang Z, Dong Z, Guo M, Shen Z, Yin D, Hu S, Hai X. Trimethylamine N-oxide as a risk marker for ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2019 Feb;33(2):e22246. doi: 10.1002/jbt.22246.
  14.  Tang WH, Wang Z, Levison BS, Koeth RA, Britt EB, Fu X, Wu Y, Hazen SL. Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med. 2013 Apr 25;368(17):1575-84. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1109400.
  15.  Kanitsoraphan C, Rattanawong P, Charoensri S, Senthong V. Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality. Curr Nutr Rep. 2018 Dec;7(4):207-213. doi: 10.1007/s13668-018-0252-z.
  16.  Haghikia A, Li XS, Liman TG, Bledau N, Schmidt D, Zimmermann F, Kränkel N, Widera C, Sonnenschein K, Haghikia A, Weissenborn K, Fraccarollo D, Heimesaat MM, Bauersachs J, Wang Z, Zhu W, Bavendiek U, Hazen SL, Endres M, Landmesser U. Gut Microbiota-Dependent Trimethylamine N-Oxide Predicts Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Stroke and Is Related to Proinflammatory Monocytes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2018 Sep;38(9):2225-2235.
  17.  Collins HL, Drazul-Schrader D, Sulpizio AC1, Koster PD, Williamson Y, Adelman SJ, Owen K, Sanli T, Bellamine A. L-Carnitine intake and high trimethylamine N-oxide plasma levels correlate with low aortic lesions in ApoE(-/-) transgenic mice expressing CETP. Atherosclerosis. 2016 Jan;244:29-37. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.108
  18.  Mueller DM, Allenspach M, Othman A, Saely CH, Muendlein A, Vonbank A, Drexel H, von Eckardstein A. Plasma levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide are confounded by impaired kidney function and poor metabolic control. Atherosclerosis. 2015 Dec;243(2):638-44. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091. 
  19.  Stubbs JR, House JA, Ocque AJ, Zhang S, Johnson C, Kimber C, Schmidt K, Gupta A, Wetmore JB, Nolin TD, Spertus JA, Yu AS. Serum Trimethylamine-N-Oxide is Elevated in CKD and Correlates with Coronary Atherosclerosis Burden. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Jan;27(1):305-13. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2014111063.
  20.  He K, Song Y, Daviglus ML, Liu K, Van Horn L, Dyer AR, Greenland P. Accumulated evidence on fish consumption and coronary heart disease mortality: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Circulation. 2004 Jun 8;109(22):2705-11.
  21.  Landfald B, Valeur J, Berstad A, Raa J. Microbial trimethylamine-N-oxide as a disease marker: something fishy? Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2017 May 19;28(1):1327309. doi: 10.1080/16512235.2017.1327309. eCollection 2017.
  22.  Chen ML, Yi L, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Ran L, Yang J, Zhu JD, Zhang QY, Mi MT. Resveratrol Attenuates Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO)-Induced Atherosclerosis by Regulating TMAO Synthesis and Bile Acid Metabolism via Remodeling of the Gut Microbiota. MBio. 2016 Apr 5;7(2):e02210-15. doi: 10.1128/mBio.02210-15.
  23.  Bielinska K, Radkowski M, Grochowska M, Perlejewski K, Huc T, Jaworska K, Motooka D, Nakamura S, Ufnal M. High salt intake increases plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) concentration and produces gut dysbiosis in rats. Nutrition. 2018 Oct;54:33-39. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.03.004. 
  24.  Huc T, Drapala A, Gawrys M, Konop M, Bielinska K, Zaorska E, Samborowska E, Wyczalkowska-Tomasik A, Pączek L, Dadlez M, Ufnal M. Chronic, low-dose TMAO treatment reduces diastolic dysfunction and heart fibrosis in hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2018 Dec 1;315(6):H1805-H1820. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00536.2018. 
  25.  Ufnal M, Nowiński A. Is increased plasma TMAO a compensatory response to hydrostatic and osmotic stress in cardiovascular diseases? Med Hypotheses. 2019 Sep;130:109271. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109271.

Cet article est réservé aux abonnés

Déjà abonné ?

Retrouvez la suite de votre article en vous connectant à votre espace personnel.

Je m'identifie
Pas encore abonné ?

Accédez à des articles et conseils exclusifs en vous abonnant pour seulement 39 € / an.

Je m'abonne
Publicité

La sélection

Publicité

Les meilleurs livres et compléments alimentaires sélectionnés pour vous par NUTRIVI, la boutique de la nutrition.

Découvrir la boutique logo Nutrivi
Les aliments qui préviennent l'infarctus
Sylvain Pichon
Santé naturelle
12,90 €
Voir le produit
Je mange méditerranéen au quotidien
Dr Guy Avril
Cardiovasculaire
Bien manger
Recettes
Santé cardiovasculaire
12,90 €
Voir le produit
Prévenir l'infarctus
Michel de Lorgeril -Patricia Salen
Cardiovasculaire
Santé cardiovasculaire
26,99 €
Voir le produit

A découvrir également
Le thé vert, un allié contre les AVC ?

Une consommation régulière de thé vert diminue le risque d’accident vasculaire cérébral, notamment grâce aux flavonoïdes qu'il contient. 

Maladies cardiovasculaires